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Labor Market Flows Further Cloud Interpretation Of Friday’s NFP Report

MACRO ANALYSIS
  • Much has been made of the surprise increase in the unemployment rate at Friday’s payrolls report, from 4.05% to 4.25% in July, but also how there were important caveats such as almost three quarters of the rise in unemployment coming from temporary layoffs (see the MNI Employment Insight).
  • Digging into the status flows reveals some mixed signals:
  • On the one hand, there was a strong increase in the seasonally adjusted flow from those who were previously employed to unemployed (from 1542k to 1834k, with the 292k increase being the largest change since Jan 2022).
  • On the other hand, net flows between employment and unemployment pools were only 84k in July which meant it contributed just 0.05pp of the 0.20pp increase in the unemployment rate.
  • The bulk of the increase in the unemployment rate instead came from net changes in those entering the labor force for work (0.15pps).
  • We have seen some take this to downplay July’s rise in the unemployment rate as being down to the surge in immigration-driven population growth rather than an outright sign of economic weakness.
  • We would however caution that when looking historically, this approach has only really seen large increases in net employment-unemployment flows in periods of deep recession (e.g. it had a material impact in 2008/09 but not 2001/02).
  • Instead, we acknowledge that it was a surprisingly strong increase in the unemployment rate to a rate fractionally above the median FOMC participant’s long-term forecast (implying a modicum of slack is building) but with the above caveats that will be watched to see how much they unwind in the Aug payrolls report on Sep 6 before the FOMC meets on Sep 17-18.

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